Mari
kita memulai dengan “Apa sih cleft sentences itu? Dipake buat apa?”
Dari
browsing2, aku nemu link yang menurutku tepat untuk mendefinisikan cleft
sentences and bahasanya easily understandable =D Sooo…
According to Roger
Woodham in http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv149.shtml (diakses tanggal 3 April 2014) ini lho cleft
sentence:
- Cleft sentences itu dipake di saat kita ingin fokus dan menekankan bagian-bagian tertentu dalam kalimat.
- Cleft sentences punya 2 bagian yang berhubungan. Itulah sebabnya dinamakan cleft sentences, because the word ‘cleft’ comes from the verb ‘cleave’ yg artinya separated into two. =) Yang pertama ‘it clause’, yang kedua ‘adj/noun clause’. Fokusnya diletakkan setelah ‘it clause’ dengan be verb (is/was), sesuai dengan konteks kalimat.
- Cleft sentences sangat berguna untuk writing..kenapa? Kembali ke poin pertama, karena ketika menulis kita tidak bisa menggunakan intonasi untuk menekankan bagian-bagian tertentu yang pengen kita fokuskan, maka penggunaaan cleft sentences ini menggantikan intonasi itu. *Jangan lupa pakai ini saat skripsi!* =D
And…this
is the formula: It+be+FOCUS+adj/noun clause
Mari
masuk ke contoh dengan macam2 fokus yg berbeda:
1) Focus on the subject (S)
a.
My fiancé proposed me at the park under the sparkling light
last night. =D
S
Ini cara kita ubah
kalimat ke cleft sentences:
Pertama, tentukan
fokusnya. In this case, my fiancé = subject. Rebes? Lanjut ke yang kedua:
analisa kalimat ini termasuk tense apa, itu menentukan to be-nya, apa kita mau
pake is/was. In this case, proposed = past tense, berarti it clause-nya diikuti
‘was’. Ketiga, masukkan kata2 sisa dari kalimat di belakang it clause dengan
urutan yg sama dgn kalimat awal, jangan lupa dia ada dalam bentuk adj/noun
clause. =D
Jadiiii:
ð It was my fiancé who/that
proposed me at the park under the sparkling light last night.
b.
My boyfriend studies English to prepare himself to take music
major in America. =*)
S
Tense: present tense
ð It is my
boyfriend who/that studies English to prepare himself to take music major in
America.
2) Focus on the direct object (Od)
a.
He brought a
bucket of red roses for me last night. *asiiik*
Od
Tense: past tense
ð It was a bucket
of red roses that he brought for me last night.
b.
My boyfriend
studies English to prepare himself to take music major in America.
Od
Tense: present tense
ð It is English that my
boyfriend studies to prepare himself to take music major in America.
3) Focus on the adverbial time (Atime)
a.
My fiancé
proposed me at the park under the sparkling light last night.
Atime
Tense: past tense
ð It was last
night that my fiancé proposed me at the park under the sparkling light.
b.
She comes to study
English at my boarding house every Wednesday.
Atime
Tense: present tense
ð It is every Wednesday that she
comes to study English at my boarding house.
4) Focus on the adverbial position (A position)
a.
My fiancé
proposed me at the park under the sparkling light last night.
Aposition
Tense: past tense
ð It was at the
park under the sparkling light
that my fiancé proposed me last
night.
ð It was the park
under the sparkling light that my fiancé proposed me last night.
(informal)
b.
She comes to
study English at my boarding house every Wednesday.
Aposition
Tense: present tense
ð It is at my
boarding house that she comes to study English every Wednesday.
ð It is my
boarding house that she comes to study English every Wednesday. (informal)
5) Focus on the indirect object (Oi)
a.
He brought me
a bucket of red roses last night.
Oi
Tense: past tense
Untuk kalimat dengan fokus indirect
object (Oi) kita harus ekstra hati2, karena kita tidak bisa sembarangan taruh
object pronouns (in this case: me) begitu saja.
Ini contoh cleft sentence yang SALAH:
ð
It was
me that he brought a bucket of red roses last night.
Itu adalah contoh yang salah..lantas
bagaimana? Ada beberapa kemungkinan.
1.
Ubah kalimatnya dengan tambahan kata ‘to’ dulu. Untuk
yang ini ada 2 optional.
2.
Ubah object pronouns (in this case: me) dengan subject
pronouns (in this case becomes I). Jadiii:
He
brought a bucket of red roses to me last night.
ð It was to me that
he brought a bucket of red roses last night.
ð It was me that he brought a
bucket of red roses last night to.
ð It was I that he
brought a bucket of red roses last night.
b.
The movie
teaches us how to be patient and fight for someone we love. ^^
Oi
Tense: past tense
The movie teaches how to be patient and
fight for someone we love to us.
ð It is to us that the
movie teaches how to be patient and fight for someone we love.
ð It is us that the
movie teaches how to be patient and fight for someone we love to.
ð It is we that the
movie teaches how to be patient and fight for someone we love.
contoh ini --> "What makes us hold on each other is quite obvious", apa bukan pseudo-cleft? :D